| April 25 Day 1 | ||
| 1:00 am | The reactor was running at full power with normal
operation. Steam power was directed to both turbines of the power
generators. Slowly the operators began to reduce power for the test. The
purpose of the test was to observe the dynamics of the RMBK reactor with
limited power flow.
| |
| 1:05 pm | Twelve hours after power reduction was initiated the
reactor reached 50% power. Now only one turbine was needed to take in the
decreased amount of steam caused by the power decrease and turbine #2 was
switched off.
| |
| 2:00 pm | Under the normal procedures of the test the reactor would
have been reduced to 30% power, but the Soviet electricity authorities
refused to allow this because of an apparent need for electricity
elsewhere, so the reactor remained at 50% power for another 9 hours.
| |
| April 26 Day 2 | ||
| 12:28 am | The Chernobyl staff received permission to resume the
reactor power reduction. One of the operators made a mistake. Instead of
keeping power at 30%, he forgot to reset a controller which caused the
power to plummet to 1% because of water which was now filling the core,
and xenon (a neutron absorber) which was building up in the reactor. This
amount of power was too low for the test. The water added to the reactor
is heated by the neuclear reaction and turned into steam to turn the
turbines of the generator.
| |
| 1:00-1:20 am | The operator forced the reactor up to 7% power by
removing all but 6 of the control rods. This was a violation of porcedure
and the reactor was never built to operate at such low power. The RBMK
reactor is unstable when its core is filled with water. The operator tried
to take over the flow of the water which was returning from the turbine
manually which is very difficult because small temperature changes can
cause large power fluctuations. The operator was not succesful in getting
the flow of water corrected and the reactor was getting increasingly
unstable. The operator disabled emergency shutdown procedures because a
shutdown would abort the test.
| |
| 1:22 am | By 01:22, when the operators thought they had the most
stable conditions, they decided to start the test. The operator blocked
automatic shutdown on low water level and the loss of both turbines
because of a fear that a shutdown would abort the test and they would have
to repeat tests.
| |
| 1:23 am (The test begins) | The remaining turbine was shut down | |
| 1:23:40 am | Power in the reactor began to gradually rise because of
the reduction in water flow caused by the turbine shutdown which lead to
an increase in boiling. The operator initiated manual shut down which lead
to a quick power increase due to the control rod design.
| |
| 1:23:44 am | Disaster Point- The reactor reached 120 times its full power. All the radioactive fuel disintegrated, and pressure from all of the excess steam which was supposed to go to the turbines broke every one of the pressure tubes and blew off the entire top shield of the reactor. |